Despite a decline in cancer mortality rates over the past 30 years, the American Cancer Society’s (ACS) annual report on cancer trends reported an increasing incidence of cancer among younger people, particularly younger women. The rates among women under the age of 50 are 82 percent higher than men, up from 51 percent in 2002.
A higher number of younger individuals are being diagnosed with colorectal, breast, prostate and uterine cancers. One study estimates that individuals born after the 1980s are four times more likely to be diagnosed with rectal cancer than those born around 1950. This trend prompted the ACS to modify its recommended age for colorectal cancer screening from 50 to 45 years old.
Research suggests that a combination of environmental exposures, changes in the gut microbiome, increased rates of obesity and consumption of ultra-processed foods are to blame for earlier-onset cancers. Additional contributors being investigated include early-life environmental exposures, sedentary lifestyles and chronic sleep disruption.
The prevailing hypothesis is that while these factors may influence all instances of cancer, their bioaccumulation from an early age exacerbates cancer risks and potentially accelerates disease progression. Lifestyle changes such as managing diabetes and obesity through a balanced diet; reducing exposure to microplastics, “forever chemicals”, and unnecessary antibiotics; engaging in regular exercise; and liming sugar, alcohol, smoking and sun exposure may be the most effective strategies for young people to reduce their cancer risk.